Roy Chapman Andrews - A Profile of the Famous Paleontologist

Name: Roy Chapman Andrews Born/Died: 1884-1960 Nationality: American Dinosaurs Discovered: Oviraptor, Velociraptor, Saurornithoides; also discovered numerous prehistoric mammals and other animals About Roy Chapman Andrews Although he had a long, active career in paleontology--he was director of the prestigious American Museum of Natural History from 1935 to 1942--Roy Chapman Andrews is best known for his fossil-hunting excursions to Mongolia in the early 1920s. At this time, Mongolia was a truly exotic destination, not yet dominated by China, virtually inaccessible by mass transport, and rife with political instability. During his expeditions, Andrews used both automobiles and camels to traverse the hostile terrain, and he had a number of narrow escapes that added to his reputation as a dashing adventurer (he was later said to have been the inspiration for Steven Spielbergs Indiana Jones movies). Andrews Mongolian expeditions were not only newsworthy; they also immeasurably advanced  the worlds knowledge  about dinosaurs. Andrews discovered numerous dinosaur fossils at the Flaming Cliffs formation in Mongolia, including the type specimens of Oviraptor and Velociraptor, but today hes most famous for unearthing the first indisputable evidence of dinosaur eggs (before the 1920s, scientists were unsure if dinosaurs laid eggs or gave birth to live young). Even then, he managed to make a huge (if understandable) blunder: Andrews believed his Oviraptor specimen had stolen the eggs of a nearby Protoceratops, but in fact thisegg thief turned out to be hatching its own young! ​Oddly enough, when he embarked for Mongolia, Andrews did not have dinosaurs or other prehistoric fauna uppermost in his mind. ​Along with his fellow paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn, Andrews believed that the ultimate ancestors of humans originated in Asia, rather than Africa, and he wanted to find indisputable fossil evidence to support this theory. Although its possible that an early offshoot of hominids branched off into Asia millions of years ago, the bulk of the evidence today  is that human beings did in fact originate in Africa. Roy Chapman Andrews is most often associated with his dinosaur discoveries, but he was responsible for  excavating and/or naming a respectable number of prehistoric mammals as well, including a specimen of the giant terrestrial grazer  Indricotherium and the giant  Eocene predator Andrewsarchus (which was named by a paleontologist on one of Andrews central Asian expeditions in honor of his fearless leader). As far as we know, these two mammals were the largest terrestrial herbivore and the largest terrestrial carnivore, respectively, ever to roam the face of the earth.

Essay about Drugs Affect on Brain - 947 Words

Abstract Drugs some use them to escape pain, others use them for pleasure, and some use them to just fit in. Either way drugs are a harmful substance that may seriously affect the body. Drugs mess with the brain in ways that we couldn’t even imagine. From destroying brain cells that help with critical thinking to destroying cells that give us the ability to feel pleasure. Drugs take the place of our natural body functions of the body. They fool receptors of the body and make it to where our bodies produce less of what we need. Over a period of time this may produce very severe consequences on the body. With all the risks involved with drugs it’s a wonder why some people use them. Introduction The human brain is the†¦show more content†¦In addition, the limbic system is responsible for our perception of other emotions, both positive and negative, which explains the mood altering properties of many drugs. The cerebral cortex is divided into areas that control specific functions. Different areas process information from our senses, enabling us to see, feel, hear, and taste. The front part of the cortex, the frontal cortex or forebrain, is the thinking center of the brain, it powers our ability to think, plan, solve problems, and make decisions. How drugs work in the brain Drugs are chemicals they work in the brain by tapping into the brains communication system and interfering with the way nerve cells normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter. This fools receptors and allows the drugs to lock onto and activate the nerve cells. Although these drugs mimic brain chemicals, they dont activate nerve cells in the same way as a natural neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal messages being transmitted through the network. Other drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the nerve cells to release abnormally large amounts of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the normal recycling of these brain chemicals. This disruption producesShow MoreRelatedHow Drug Addiction Affects The Brain Over Time?2485 Words   |  10 PagesYesenia Sanchez Jesus Ramirez Briana Castillo March 16, 2016 5th block Mr.Javier I Am Meth How does drug addiction affect the brain over time? One of the largest domestic problems around the world is drug usage. My family wasn t perfect; we lacked affection growing up and you never really got it until you were born or dying. 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The marijuana affects the brain development on teenager. Also affect the function at school, work, and social life of the teenagers. The marijuana increases the risk of mental health issues. The sadistic show that the used of marijuana increase every years. Marijuana affects the teenager and also their families. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stemsRead MoreNotes On Drug And Medication Information997 Words   |  4 Pagesgov/compound/morphine#section=Drug-and-Medication-Information http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/morphine/ http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/ http://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2008/06/morphine-induced-immunosuppression-brain-to-spleen http://www.news-medical.net/health/Morphine-History.aspx http://nawrot.psych.ndsu.nodak.edu/courses/465Projects07/morphine/Page3WP.htm http://www.news-medical.net/health/Morphine-Side-Effects.aspx Correct (chemical name brand) Name of drug. What categoryRead More Addiction and the Reward Circuit Essay example729 Words   |  3 Pagesaffected directly or indirectly by drug addiction. Many stereotypes including race and socio-economic class are associated with drug addiction. 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Music and Deviance free essay sample

One website quotes Snider as explaining that the sticker was a form of censorship, which not only infringes on speech, but also corrupts communication. On the night of Friday October 26, 1984, 19-year old John McCollum shot himself in the head with a 22 caliber handgun while listening to a record by Oozy Osborne. In October of 1 985, McCollum parents filed suit against Osborne and his record company. The Court of Appeals ruled that Soberness music was constitutionally protected and could not be seen as cause of the suicide.In Nevada, on December 23, 1985, 18-year old Raymond Bellman and his friend James Vance listened to the album Stained Class by the British band Judas Priest. The families filed a law suit against Judas Priest and their record company, arguing that the suicides were the result of hidden messages on he Judas Priest album (do it, do it). But the judge ruled that this was merely the result of an accidental noise caused by a guitar part and an exhalation. While a number of researchers have associated heavy metal music with depression or anger, these effects do not usually occur when heavy metal is the listeners musical preference.A study of more than 1 ,OHO gifted students aged 11-18 found that heavy metal music is used for cathartic release and to dissipate negative emotions, particularly among those with low self-esteem. Researchers have found no link between He. Metal music preference and drug use or drug-related values. College students whose musical preferences are alternative, rock or heavy metal actually obtain higher IQ test scores on average, particularly on questions where abstraction is required. Rap Music Rap music started in 1979 with Rappers Delight by the Sugar Hill Gang. Ever since, it has been criticized, praised, and censored. Rap music can be defined as the style of rhythm-spoken words across a musical terrain. C. Dolores Tucker has been battling record companies of rap groups since 1993. She is a ember of the National Political Congress of Black Women. She has been arrested for blocking access to music stores that sold rappers albums that contain demeaning lyrics. Rap lyrics tend to have a high frequency of offensive themes and hard swear words, like buck and sit. In 1 995, she focused on gangs rap lyrics on the Time Warner label.Todays rap lyrics are still being protested for evoking sex and violence. The lyrics include abusing women, dealing drugs, and killing cops. Theyre pimping pornography to children for the almighty dollar, says Tucker. According to several media and interest groups, rap music is responsible for pregnancy, anti-social behavior, poor academic performance and other bad traits amongst teenagers. According to Side Cheerier, a 2003 study links urban African-American teenage girls tendency of having numerous sex partners to watching gangs rap videos.Teens who spend more time watching the sex and violence depicted in the reel life of gangs rap music videos are more likely to practice these behaviors in real life, suggests one of the first studies to specifically explore how rap videos influence emotional and physical health. After studying 522 black girls between the ages of 14 and 18 from non-urban, lower socioeconomic neighborhoods, researchers found that compared to those who never or rarely watched these videos, the girls who viewed these gangs videos for at least 14 hours per week were far more likely to practice numerous destructive behaviors.Over the course Of the One-year study, they were: Three times more likely to hit a teacher, Over 2. 5 times more likely to get arrested, Twice as likely to have multiple sexual partners, 1. 5 times more likely to get a sexually transmitted disease, use drugs, or drink alcohol. One study found that young subjects who watched violent rap videos were more accepting of violent actions, particularly against women.Additionally, those who watched either violent or nonviolent rap videos were more inclined to express materialistic attitudes and favor potentially acquiring possessions through crime, as well as holding more negative views on the likelihood of succeeding through academic pursuits. Young men who had little previous exposure to rap music were the subjects of an experiment in which researchers had one group listen to rap music with lyrics, another listen to AP music without lyrics, a third just read the lyrics, and a fourth group neither listen nor read. After the exposure, none of the subjects held more negative attitudes toward women, but those who read or heard the lyrics were more inclined to express adversarial sexual beliefs. As would be expected, only rap music with misogynistic themes appears to create misogynistic attitudes and greater acceptance of violence against women. Chapter 3 Conclusion Studies suggests that heavy metal music is not responsible for the deviant behavior of the listener of course, this isnt the first time that rebellious music as been blamed for societys ills.From Elvis to Columbine, the songs of music-obsessed youth have often been blamed for anti-social behavior. But rap and in particular, the especially violent and sexually-explicit gangs variety has raised special concern . Study has shown that rap music is responsible for anti-social behavior and is responsible for the deviant behavior of the listener. So this is a serious concern for parents . You cannot stick your head in the sand and expect your child will only look at good stuff. Parents need to know what their children are being exposed to and overspent should ban such music.

The Gap Company Strategies

The Gap (Gap) is a well known name in the retailing world for clothing and related accessories for men, women and kids, sold under the reputed brand names like Gap, banana republic, old navy, Forth Towne etc.. Primarily operating in North America, the company operates more than 3,000 stores worldwide, having stores in United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Ireland and Japan.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Gap Company Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Key resources for Gap include the human resource headed by the competent strategists in the form of its top management and a renowned brand identity. While the strategists provide plans and policies the motivated work force seems to ensure proper implementation of these plans. Services of people like Karyn Hillman, and Liz Claiborne too proved crucial in implementing the plans set up by Pressler. Brand equity on the other hand is an impor tant intangible asset for the company. It not only creates a product identity, but it also helps in establishing lasting relationship with customers. The brand identity adds significant value to the range of products offered by the company. A company will not be in a position to take advantage of its resources, if there is no matching determination and capability to implement the plans. Gap has the capability to take on its competitors head-on by unleashing a range of competitive measures like penetrative pricing, entering into strategic tie-ups with the likes of designer Roland Mouret in order to offset the losses. Thanks to such strategies, the company was able to sustain the losses during periods of sagging sales, while the crack was duly filled up in due course. Gap also has the ability to invite the attention of its customer, even when the company goes for an overhaul of its strategies and positioning of its products in the market. In 2003 the business of Gap Inc bounced back w hen the management decided to reposition the three main brands. The sales saw an upswing after 29 months of straight decline. Gap’s understanding of the changing fashion ideas is one of the key core competencies of the company. The brand ‘Old Navy’ was an instant hit amongst the younger crowed, when the company shifted its focus to teenagers in the year 2000. The expertise in fashion wear and the company’s ability to translate this expertise into developing and manufacturing trendy cloths is another core competency for Gap. Three findings of the case include; Gap’s majority hold on the North American market, Gap’s dwindling sales figures in recent years, Overdependence on the North American Market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is worthwhile here to mention that while on the one hand the overwhelming presence of Gap in the North American market is a strong point for the company, the overdependence on this market becomes a weaker link for Gap. If for some reason, another competitor emerges in the North American market, the company would find it difficult to leverage its potential. The news of tapering sales graph in recent years is certainly not a healthy sign for the company. What is particularly worrying is the fact that many of the key executives have also started deserting the company in search for better opportunities. Increasing competition, availability of a number of other brands, and counterfeit products are also going to give tough times to Gap in times to come. In view of the above analysis, it is quite clear that Gap has the strength to become a leading brand in the market, but it needs to set its house in order, by setting priorities for the immediate as well as for the long term future. Huge market potential in the South Asian region in general and in India and China in particular needs to be tapped by adopting appropriate market penetration strategies. Reference Wheelen, Thomas L and J. David Hunger (2010). ‘Strategic Management and Business Policy: Achieving Sustainability’, Twelfth Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. This report on The Gap Company Strategies was written and submitted by user Aileen Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

It Has Been Said That Camus ...was Haunted With The Notion That Our Wo

It has been said that Camus '...was haunted with the notion that our world is a universe which has no place for us, in which our life makes no sense... The Stranger reflects this philosophy in a myriad of ways. Mr. Meursalt is the main character. He seems to live in his own world, socializing with others, but not caring too deeply about what happens in his life. For example, when his mother died, his thoughts were, Mother died today. Or, maybe yesterday; I can't be sure (Pp. 1) He did not have any extreme feelings about her death; he just accepted it and decided that is was what was supposed to happen. He kept himself busy indulging himself in creature comforts like smoking, drinking, and sex. His girlfriend, Marie, wanted him to marry her, and his reply was that if she wanted to get married they would. His reflections about it were, Marie came that evening and asked me if I'd marry her. I said I didn't mind; if she was keen on it, we'd get married. (Pp. 52) He didn't seem to care one way or the other. His life was full of existentialism, for he believed that life just happened, nothing you could do would change the future, and that everything happened for a reason. At several parts in the book, Meursalt observes his neighbor walking his dog. Salamano would beat his dog, it would run ahead, and the man would beat and swear at it again. Everyday it was the same thing. One day, Meursalt came across Salamano in the hall. Salamano was all distraught because his dog ran away. Meursalt could not understand this philosophy because he thought the man hated his dog. Why would he be worried about it? At the end of the story when Meursalt was going to be executed, he pondered his fate. He seemed to extricate pleasure from the thought of everyone shouting at him with all the bitterness and hate that had built up inside of them. At the same time, he didn't seem to worry too much that he was going to. He refused to see the priest before his execution because he felt that he had done nothing wrong when he shot an innocent man in the street. Bibliography The Stranger

Essay Sample on Henry Ford The Key Data to Know

Essay Sample on Henry Ford The Key Data to Know Henry Ford was one of the first American industrialists. He is best known for his revolutionary achievements in the automobile industry. His love for automobiles started at the age of sixteen. But before that, he was just another small-town farmer. The Ford farm was located near Dearborn, Michigan. It was here Henry Ford was born, on July 20,1863. He went to local district schools like the rest of the children from his town. In 1880 Henry became a machinists apprentice in Detroit, where he learned the basics. Then only two years later Ford became a certified machinist, but returned to the family farm. 1888 to 1899 he was a mechanical engineer, and later chief engineer, with the Edison Illuminating Company. Ford married in 1891 and he and his bride, Clara Bryant, left the farm in Michigan and moved to Detroit. His life prospered in Detroit and with the birth of his daughter Edsel, in 1893, many people believed he should get a job that was more stable than trying to build cars. Most believed they were simple toys and would never replace the horse-drawn carriage. Then on the morning of June 4, 1896 Henry finished his first ever car, which became known as the Quadricycle. He took it for a drive around his block as many people stared. It was only big enough for him, even though his wife was excited about taking a ride in the horseless carriage. Soon she would get the experience, when he made the seat bigger and took to car out to his parents home. Finally having his work taken seriously, Henry formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Before his first year was up of owning the company the first Model A appeared on the market in Detroit. This would lead to many publicity events and even a law suit with the ALAM over the Selden Patent, which he eventually won. Then in 1908 he brought out the extremely popular the Model T. By 1912 Ford had many new ideas on ways In 1913 Ford began using the same parts and assembly-line techniques in his plant. Even though Ford did not come up with the idea or was the first to us assembly-line ideas, he was mainly responsible for their general adoption and for the following great development of American industry and the raising of the American standard of living. Around early 1914 this improvement, even though it greatly increased production, had resulted in a monthly labor earnings of 40 to 60 percent in his factory, mostly because of the unpleasant dullness of assembly-line work and repeated increases in the production quotas assigned to workers. Ford met this trouble by increasing his workers pay from what the normal manual laborer was making, $2.50, to $5. This increased stability in his labor force and a large decrease in operating costs. These factors, along with the huge increase in output made possible by new hi-tech methods, led to a doubling in company profits in two years. They went from $30 million in 1914 to $60 million in 1916. In 1927 the Model T was discontinued for a newer up-to-date version of the Model A. The company ended up selling almost 15 million cars. But in the next few years Ford’s leadership of the American car industry (as the largest producer and seller) dropped with his trouble of introducing a new car every year which had now become normal in the car business. During the 1930s Ford adopted the policy of the yearly changeover, but his company was unable to regain the position it had held before. From 1937 to 1941, the Ford company was the only major manufacturer of automobiles in the Detroit area that did not have any labor union as the collective bargaining spokesperson of employees. There were hearings in front of the National Labor Relations Board Ford in which Ford was found guilty of repeated violations of the National Labor Relations Act. The findings against him were upheld on appeal to the federal courts. Ford was forced to make a standard labor contract after a successful strike by the workers at his main plant at River Rouge, Michigan, in April 1941. In early 1941 the government granted Ford contracts which stated he was, at first, to manufacture parts for bombers and at one point an entire airplane. He then started the construction of a large plant at Willow Run, Michigan. His plant was a success, as it manufactured more than 8000 planes by the end of WW1. Henry Ford had many other accomplishments other than just that of cars. He went on peace ship to try to help stop WW1, was nominated for U.S. senator from Michigan, but he was defeated. In the next year he built the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit which cost nearly 7.5 million. In 1919 he became the publisher of a weekly journal called the Dearborn Independent. Ford was forced to retire from the active work of his many enterprises in 1945. He died two years later on April 7,1947 of stroke. Most of Ford’s fortune, estimated to have been between $500 to $700 million, went to the Ford Motor Company and started the nonprofit organization called the Ford Foundation.

Mobile email devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mobile email devices - Essay Example In this paper, the proponent includes critical evaluation of electronic mail as a communication tool in organisations. In particular, there is a need to particularly know how does the use of mobile email devices impact on current understanding of email use. Mobile email devices In the midst of technological advancement particularly in the innovation of information technology, emails have been so important in day to day flow of business transactions, communication system and in connecting people around the world. Everyone seems cannot bear to loss communication due to the fact that to communicate at a fast pace has become a basic necessity and not a mere luxury. It is in this reason that technology has been improved prior to integrating a system that can be readily used for a fast-paced communication activity. Smart phones From their first existence in the market, smart phones have been viewed as vibrant figures of luxury due to the creation and more enhancements on their features. Th e manufacturing companies for smart phones are indeed successful in stimulating market needs for their line of offerings because of their acceptance not just on their features but for their entire value that cannot be exclusively defined. Laptops Laptops are other tools used in communication today. Due to their portability compared to personal computers, they are widely appreciated especially when a user travels a lot and is carrying important information that needs to be electronically stored. With their convenient package and features, laptops are sold everywhere because of their convenience and practicality depending on their specific and significant use. Combined smartphones and laptops This is the newest innovation of today’s modern times. The features of smartphones and laptops are combined together to come up with one significant products incorporating the capacity of both smartphones and laptops. This can be viewed as innovative products of leading mobile phone manufa cturers in the world. One simple illustration how the features of smartphones and laptops are combined is the creation of iPods from Apple Incorporated, Blackberries and other related products carrying other brand names. Email use and the impact of mobile email devices With the advent of modern mobile devices, emails can be accessed and created everywhere especially in the presence of high speed broadband connection and wi-fi connection. However, there are different types of emails and they can be significantly identified according to their purpose. Types of emails There are different types of emails and they usually consist of spam, business and personal items. These emails are very common today and they are what make email provider companies profitable in this type of business. These emails can be accessed right away from any available mobile devices especially those that can readily surf the internet anytime, anywhere. Emails that can cause emotional reaction are those that parti cularly involve the issue about satisfaction and motivation which specifically cause a reaction. These emails are widely involved in the corporate setting and even outside of the business world. It depends on the main thought that is included in the email that involves it on the emotional considerations. There are also emails that express emotion and these are types that come from friends and generally from the corporate world. They can also trigger issues about satisfaction and motivation. Emails from interactive social network for instance are also capable enough to express emotions. This entertains almost everyone and entices them to go access and surf the internet.

Career Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career Planning - Essay Example The discourse would hereby address the following concerns, to wit: (1) to present a brief analysis of one’s long-term career plan; (2) to list and describe the six major components of a resume; and (3) to determine what three categories of questions may be asked during a job interview. Brief Analysis of Long-Term Career Plan One’s career goal is to own a little cafe or restaurant that serves healthy food as opposed to greasy fried fast food, generally offered in most proprietary restaurants today. The wealth of experience and academic background in the field of professional cooking and kitchen management has provided the solid foundation to pursue a life-long career as the owner and executive chef of one’s own diner. The genuine interest in this endeavor has been innately ingrained and for more than 20 years, working in the capacities of executive chef and general manager, one’s knowledge, skills and abilities have been extensively honed for this career. A s one still currently committed as a General Manager and Executive Chef of Coho Vineyard & Winery, at Boston, Massachusetts, the perceived long-term plan is proposed to be enforced with the following details as hereby envisioned for the cafe cum restaurant in general overview: Proposed Name: Product Specialties to be Offered: Target Location: Target Market: Projected Number of Personnel: Estimated Start-Up Cost: Estimated Time Frame for Completion And Operation: Projected Monthly Revenue: Projected Monthly Income: The proposed career plan is expected to provide a significant amount of monthly income that would sustain and support the operations of the restaurant for the next five to ten years. Any changes in demand or preferences relayed by customers would be incorporated in the products being offered and adapted to their needs for the longer term status. Six Major Components of a Resume The six major components of a resume are heading, objective, education, work experience, skills/ qualifications, and activities/organizations/honors. As shown in Appendix A, the heading provided the most relevant and crucial information containing the name and contact information. The objective provides the information that one can offer to employers in the capacity and expertise assumed. The educational background contains the name of the university, the degree and relevant details of academic performance. Work experience would incorporate all pertinent information relating to present and past employment including the names and locations of employers. Aside from details of employers, the professional experience should indicate duties and responsibilities, as well as significant accomplishments and contributions to the organizations. The skills and qualifications portion should identify distinctive skills and areas of expertise that would make one stand out from the rest. And finally, the activities, honors and organizations would specify any hobbies and special interests that put to effective use the skills and abilities gained through academic and professional experiences. From one’s resume, presented as Appendix A, all the crucial elements have been incorporated. The details and information for activities, honors and organizations are already integrated in the areas of expertise portion, as well as in the education and qualifications portion. Three Categories of Questions The three categories of questions that could be asked during a job interview are as follows: open

Compare and contrast the ways that social media marketing can help Essay

Compare and contrast the ways that social media marketing can help organizations to market their products - Essay Example At the final section of the report, it has been analysed and observed that social media marketing not only helps in marketing products/services efficiently, but also provides immense facilities of creating long term and healthy relationship benefits with the existing as well as potential customers. In the modern age, social media has become one of the essential parts of human lives. It is often observed that more than 250 million people are the users of social media sites today. Perhaps it is owing to the benefits offered by social media as one of the most effective and convenient forms of communication between the people. With a similar consent, the business organisation has been using social media as their marketing tool for their products. Notably, social media marketing was in some way present from the traditional business module itself. Few of the traditional social media used for the promotion of the product are newspapers, radio and magazines, which were also denoted as the modern one-way communication tools at often instances. However, at a certain point of time, the feel for the development of newer social media marketing tools motivated organisations to perform better due to the number of such instances. For example, in the traditional era of social media development s, it was perceived to be impossible for the customers to give their feedbacks or comments to the organisation. However, in case of modern social media tools and the organisations adopting those, it has helped the business organisation to create their own contents for successful promotion of the product gaining better flexibility in their approach. Apparently, it aids the business organisation in promoting their products in a cost effective manner and allow its customers to view the product for free through easy access to the social networking sites (Zarrella, 2010). It has been

Anthropological Perspective on Culture and Society

Anthropological Perspective on Culture and Society The three branches of human sciences (Social sciences), Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology are interlinked in that they try to describe the different areas of human life and their relationships to each other. They offer an explanation on human behavior and in the society they live. Furthermore, these social sciences provide essential skills in analyzing the intentions and behavior of individuals and groups they encounter. Individual identity is forged by ones culture, groups, and by institutional influences. Institutions such as families, schools and even churches greatly influence human beings yet these institutions are merely organizations whose aim is to develop the core social values of its constituents. In discussing cultural diversity on the perspectives of the three social sciences there is a need to understand the difference between culture and society. This is because the all the three disciplines explore culture and society to understand human behavior in depth. The term Culture has many different meanings, for some it is the appreciation of art, literature, music and food, while for others like biologists; they take it as a colony of microorganisms growing in a nutrient medium in a laboratory. However for social scientists, culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. Cultures are traditions and customs, transmitted through learning and adaptations. Children obtain such traditions by growing up in a certain society, through a process called enculturation. A culture results into a degree of uniformity in behavior and thought among the inhabitants of a particular society (Baugher et. al, 2000, p. 4). The terms culture and society are different as cultures are co nsidered to be complexes of learned behavior patterns and perceptions while society is a group of interacting organisms. Therefore this paper will critically analyze cultural diversity based on the three social sciences, evaluating the social sciences similarities and differences. Discussion Anthropological perspective of culture diversity When it comes to understanding diversity in cultures, the anthropological view can help humanity understand and appreciate the complexity of diverse cultures. This discipline involves the study of biological and cultural origins of the humans. The subject matter of anthropology is wide-ranging, including, fossil remains, non human primate anatomy and behavior, artifacts from past cultures, past and present languages, and all the prehistoric and contemporary cultures of the world. The subfield of cultural anthropology is the most commonly studied and useful in analyzing and interpreting the diverse cultures of the world. In recent years, recognition of the need for multicultural awareness, understanding, and skills has grown in our society. The aim is to achieve multicultural diversity competence, which is a term that refers to the ability to demonstrate respect and understanding, to communicate effectively, and to work with different cultural backgrounds (George Fischer, 1999, p. 71). These diversities in culture encompass differences in gender, race, ethnicity, religion, age, sexual orientation, social class and physical appearance. Misunderstandings and conflicts in the society are two major consequences of lack of awareness in the ever increasing cultural diversity. Cultural anthropology explains cultural diversity through aspects of social life such as material culture, social organizations, politics, economics, symbolism, change and development, ethnici ty and modern nation-state formation. In explaining and interpreting the diverse cultures, anthropology uses ethnography- describing particular cultures; and ethnology- comparing two or more cultures. In addition it incorporates the holistic approach in cultural studies by studying biological and cultural aspects of human behavior; encompassing the broadest possible time frame by looking at contemporary, historic and prehistoric societies; examining human culture in every part of the world; and studies many different aspects of human culture (George Fischer, 1999, p.68). Cultural diversity is relevant to a cultural approach in learning, in that learning and motivational styles and cross cultural pedagogical strategies assume attention to diversity in learner populations and pluralistic learning outcomes. The data, concepts and insights derived from the study of other cultures helps us meet our professional goals and lead more satisfying lives in a multicultural society (Herdman Macmillan, 2010, p. 23). Moreover, the process of studying anthropology is also valuable because of the skills and competencies that it helps to develop. Activities such as taking courses about different cultures, participating in local internships and international organizations, living in the universitys international dormitory, and participating in study abroad programs all combine to provide students with valuable skills in understanding diverse cultures hence achieve multicultural diverse competence. There is a need to come up with a strategy to accept cultural diversity, for example, in the United states of America the freedom to pursue ones individual dream and fortunes in the united states has produced a widening gap between the haves and have-nots. According to Herdman and Mcmillian, 2010, managing directors in United States of America made forty times as much compared to the average worker in 1973 and three hundred as much in 2004. At the same time, earnings of middle class were growing slightly and those of lower class were actually shrinking. This situation to a European means that the state is working against well being of the population, particularly in light of tax cuts during this period. Another instance is when expressing feelings of affection which is typical for all human. The manner in which the affection is expressed is cultural, the kiss is not universally accepted as a symbol of affection; some societies consider it suggestive of cannibalism. A basic anthropological strategy for understanding other cultures is to look at a cultural feature from within its original context rather than looking at it from the perspective of ones own culture; being inquisitive, non-judgmental, and open to new ways of thinking is vital in understanding other cultures; Balancing contradictory needs instead of trying to eliminate them; emphasize global team work; develop a cognitive complex which is made up of twin abilities of differentiating and integrating; and developing a personal acuity (Naylor, 1997, p. 157). The strategy will not only help you personally in understanding other cultures but assist you in integrating to any culture globally. Sociological perspective on Cultural Diversity Sociology is critical analysis of the society in which humans live. People who make sense of the social world-past, present and future- are referred to as sociologists (Anderson Taylor, 2005, p. 8). Sociologists research on social structures such as class, family, politics, social problems like drug abuse and crime all of which influence the society. Social interaction amongst humans is the basic sociological concept, because all humans and groups that make up a society socialize. Specialists who focus on particular details of specific interactions as they occur daily are called micro sociologists and those that focus on larger patterns of interactions amongst larger sections of the society such as state and economy are called macro sociologists. A society is rarely culturally uniform hence the result of different cultures. As societies develop and become more complex, different cultural traditions appear. The more complex the society, the more likely the culture will be internally varied and diverse. The causes of cultural changes in a society are cultural diffusion, innovation, and imposition of cultural change by outside world (Anderson Taylor, 2005, p. 72). Two concepts from sociology help in understanding complexity of culture in a given society, dominant culture and subcultures. Dominant culture is the culture of the most powerful group in the society. Although it is not the only culture in society, it is commonly referred to be the culture of a society, despite other cultures present. Subcultures on the other hand are cultures of groups whose values and norms of behavior differ from those of the dominant culture. Members of subcultures tend to interact frequently and share a common world view. Sociology stipulates that culture consists of both material objects and abstract thoughts and behavior. Several elements which sociologists consider in understanding culture diversity are language, norms, beliefs and values (Kaufman, 2004, p. 7). Language: Learning the language of a culture is essential to becoming part of a society. Language shapes culture as it provides the categories through which social reality is understood. This was proved by Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Worf in the 1950s through their theory called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The hypothesis states, it is not that you perceive something first and then think of how to express it, but that language itself determines what you think and perceive (Anderson Taylor, 2005, p. 83). In understanding cultural diversity language is seen to reflect the assumptions of a culture. This is seen and exemplified by: language affecting peoples perception of reality; Language reflecting the social and political status of different groups in society; Groups advocating changing language referring to them as a way of asserting positive group identity; The implications of language emerging from specific historical and cultural contexts; language distorting actual grou p experience; language shaping peoples perceptions of groups and events in society. Norms: They are specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation. Lack of norms in any society results in turmoil however, with established norms people would be able to act, behave and interact in a society properly. In the early years of sociology, William Graham Summer in 1906 identified two types of norms; folkways and mores. Folkways are general standards of behavior adhered to by a group, example wearing pants and not skirts for men. Mores are stricter mores which are seen to control moral and ethical behaviors such as injunctions, legal and religious. Beliefs: They are shared ideas people hold collectively within a given culture, and these beliefs are also the basis of many cultural norms and values, example in USA there is a widespread belief in God. Sociology study belief in a variety of ways, and each theoretical mentation provides different insights into the significance of beliefs for human society. Values: They are abstract standards in a society or group that defines the ideal principles of what is desirable and morally correct, for example in USA equality and freedom are important values which provide a general outline for behavior. Values provide values for behavior, but can also be sources of conflict like the political conflict over abortion. Understanding the four elements of sociology enables proper integration in any society. Integration into the society is achieved by respecting the diverse cultures that are found in a society. Sociology studies culture in a variety of ways, asking numerous questions about the relationship of culture to other social institutions and the role of culture in modern life. The new cultural perspective on culture according to Naylor, 1997, is that it is ephemeral, unpredictable and constantly changing; is a material manifestation of consumer-oriented society; and is best understood by analyzing its artifacts- books, films, television images. Psychological Perspective on Culture Diversity Social psychology a subfield of psychology has its origins in the early years of the twentieth century. Its findings do not necessarily concern human thinking throughout history but rather meet the requirements of our modern society. Social psychology research aims to capture the interplay between social thinking and socio-historical dynamics in order to understand how societies function and how culture is produced (Xenia, 2004, p. 13). Psychology is distinguished from neighboring social sciences through its emphasis on studying samples of organisms within controlled settings rather than focusing upon larger groups, organizations or nations. Psychologists test the specific results of changes in a controlled environment on the individual in that environment, but there are strongly set procedures through which organisms are tested psychometrically. There is a big debate in psychology and more generally in social sciences how to define culture. In some definitions the concept of culture includes behavior, in the sense that our behaviors are expressions of our culture. Other definitions emphasize that participating in a culture means having understanding of our world. However with trying to find a consensual definition of this concept, the main argument of researchers in psychology is to highlight how important it is to take into account the cultural context in which psychological studies were conducted (Kerr Tindale, 2011). They were right to point out that humans are linked to the social context in which they live, proving that psychological functioning and human behavior are universal and culture specific. Sharing a culture means that people have a common way of viewing their relationship with the social and physical environment; of communicating their thoughts and emotions; of prioritizing their activities; of dividing tasks and resources; of attributing values, honors, and power (Xenia, 2004, pp.17-18). When they do not share the above listed elements then culture diversity occurs from a psychological point of view. The people of diverse cultures are not like minded hence the question is, whether individuals from diverse cultures can coexist harmoniously in time space and under the same political and social organizations? The answer to this question provides the idea of how to cope with culture diversity. Various cultures flourish from the recognition that they represent a set of beliefs, modes of thinking and practices that are peculiar to them and different from others. Some cultures are more inclusive example western cultures, others refer to a small group of people for instance the Basque culture, but each one of them is important for its members because they represent the way they construct their social reality, and provides them with action alternatives. Conclusion Culture Diversity has been discussed using the three social science disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology and Psychology. Even though all of them have a similarity of trying to understand culture diversity in humans, they are different in terms of how they approach the study. Anthropology looks at culture diversity at the perspective of humanity, his origin and through aspects of social life such as ethnicity, symbolism, politics, race and so on. Anthropology explains that the origin of culture diversity is through mankind hence the concentration a human perspective. Sociology looks at the society which humans live so as to explain culture diversity. It states that elements such as language, beliefs, norms, and values are what bring about culture diversities. Psychology on the other hand analyses culture diversity with focus entirely on internal factors that influence individuals. Therefore the three social sciences provide an understanding of culture diversity and a basis of respecting other cultures.

Blacks and Latinos in America Essay -- American History Culture Ethnic

Blacks and Latinos in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through our readings of the Mexicans in the U.S. and the African-American experience modules, we begin to understand the formation of identity through the hardships minorities faced from discrimination. In this paper, I am going to compare and contrast the ideas of identity shown through the readings. These two modules exemplify the theme of identity. We see how Blacks and Latinos tried to find their identity both personally and as a culture through the forced lifestyles they had to live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identity is one of the main questions throughout all of our readings, because it is hard for people to accept who they are in society. Accepting their identity as a minority with little if any freedoms sparks many of the social problems which I will show happening in all communities and cultures. The main issue we will discuss is how social environments effect the search for identity. The Mexicans in the U.S. module gives us examples how Mexicans try to keep their customs while living in a discriminated environment by the Whites. This module also gives us examples how people are searching for personal identity while struggling with cultural traditions. Finally, the African-American module gives us more examples to compare with the Mexicans in the U.S. module, because these readings deal with Blacks finding personal identity also through discrimination from the Whites. To properly understand the theme of identity, we must first look the factors influencing it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first influence we see in both modules is discrimination. The Whites as a whole did not give any acceptance towards both cultures. There were several barriers keeping the Blacks and Mexicans from breaking the lines between them and the Whites. First, the Whites saw both groups of people as minorities. They felt both subcultures were unequal from the beginning, therefore holding discriminating beliefs about the cultures from which both groups came from. Also, the Whites were very angry with these groups, who were trying to share the same freedoms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, both the Blacks and Mexicans lived through their cultures and traditions from ancestors. It was very hard for either group to compete with the Whites' economy and lifestyles while keeping their beliefs strong. Now that we have an understanding of the influences on both groups' identity struggles, we w... ...d upon them as the Mexicans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm is told by his 8th grade teacher to think realistically about career goals. He is told to drop his ideas of becoming a lawyer, and look into the field of carpentry, which was a stereotypical Black job. Blacks were being discriminated against in all aspects of their lives. Even as maturing students, they were told what to do with their lives, simply because Whites did not believe Blacks should hold the same freedoms. In the movie, Eye on the Prize, we see how Blacks tried to keep their cultural values while living in the "White mans world." Like the Mexicans, Blacks had a societal identity, yet they faced many hardships in trying to find their personal identity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As we have seen, the role of identity is a key issue in our history. The discrimination and stereotypes pressed upon the Blacks and Mexicans changed their ideas of personal and social identity. The factors that influence identity also made the understanding of this idea hard for both groups. The role that identity played in both groups was a key concept for them to understand in creating their new individuality in the "White America."

Battle of Conformity and Non-conformity Essay

In Tom Schulman’s Dead Poets Society a group of bright students are enrolled in a prestigious New England private school named Welton Academy. This school stresses conformity and tradition as one of its trademarks. In order to survive in this school one must never challenge the institution. Dead Poets Society is a powerful example of the constant battle between conformity and non-conformity. Mr. Keating, a teacher at Welton, fights on the side of non-conformity and free- thinking. On the first day of school, he shows them a picture of past classes. He tells them that they are all in the Earth now, and they have a message for his current students. The message was â€Å"carpe diem†, or â€Å"seize the day†. He is telling them that one-day they will be dead, so it is imperative that they â€Å"make their lives extraordinary† and to â€Å"carpe diem†, seize the day. Carpe diem is important because he tells them to follow their dreams, but in many cases their dreams went against the principles of the school. Through his unorthodox teaching style he taught them that conformity was not necessary. Many of the poems he taught them all preached carpe diem, such as the following: Gather ye rosebuds while ye may Old time is still a flying And this same flower that smiles today Tomorrow will be dying. â€Å"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may† means that make your dreams come true before you die. However, they could never live their dreams if they conformed to what their parents wanted, or what their principal wanted. Another example of how his teaching promoted free thinking and non-conformity was the way he ripped out the introduction by J. Evans Prichard. He didn’t want his students to conform to Prichard’s views on poetry he wanted them to form their own views. He called the introduction â€Å"excrement† and yelled â€Å"rip it, rip it out†. Everyday in his classroom there would be a lesson that preached against non-conformity along with poetry. After reading a poem, Mr. Keating stood up on the table and said, â€Å"Why do I stand here? To feel taller than you? I stand on my desk to remind myself that we must constantly force ourselves to look at things differently.† He then invites his students to stand up. This is obviously a lesson in free thinking and non-conformity. He is saying that there is more than one view to everything, and he is inviting them to be unconventional. Mr. Keating  helps almost all of his students become free thinkers and non-conformists. This is illustrated at the end, when they all stand on their desks. Mr. Nolan, the principal at Welton, is a man who believes that tradition and conformity should be upheld in all cases. From the first day of school, he teaches them never to diverge from tradition. In the opening assembly, every word spoken by the students is done in unison. They all recite the four pillars, which are tradition, honor, excellence, and discipline. Neil Perry is a victim of society’s need for conformity. He is a Welton student, who has been entrapped in his father’s web of restrictions.

10 Things You’ll Find Yourself Doing in your Freshman Year

10 Things You’ll Find Yourself Doing in your Freshman Year 10 Things You’ll Find Yourself Doing in Your Freshman Year Your first year at college can be a daunting time. Hopefully you’ll be busy learning all sorts of interesting thing on your chosen course, but you’re bound to get a few life lessons too 1. Unexpected Seminars Colleges are big and confusing places and everyone has gotten lost at some point in the freshman year. Have you turned up in the wrong lecture hall yet? Join the club! 2. Pasta with Pasta Garnish Don’t worry: A lot of your fellow college students will be new to cooking too. The best tip we can give is start with frying an onion and then look around the kitchen to see what else you can add! 3. Creating New Species Even if you aren’t studying biosciences, you might find a few new life-forms growing in your dirty dishes. In time, you’ll get used to using the washing-up as a way to avoid studying! 4. Food Fight! No need to grab your mashed potato catapult just yet. There comes a point in every freshman’s first year when you need to figure out a food sharing system with your roommates. Either share your food or don’t, and be clear. Don’t write angry notes unless you want all your Doritos swiped in the night! 5. Snoozing at the Library Ah†¦ so relaxing, a nice big book to hide your hangover hair. Just try not to snore! 6. Deadlines As Douglas Adams once said: ‘I love deadlines. I love the whooshing noise they make as they go by.’ This sound will get really familiar this year†¦ 7. What am I Doing with my Life? Hey, take it easy. You’ve made some big life decisions. Everyone questions their choices in their first year. But don’t jump ship too soon, ride it out. Talk to some friends and you’ve soon realize that you aren’t the only one worrying. 8. Setting a Trend When you run out of clean clothes, its time to get creative. Whoever thought blue pants would go with a bright orange sweater?! 9. Drunken Mistakes Waking up in the morning with that awful feeling†¦ what have I done? We’ve all been there and whoever you were with last night is probably waking up with a similar feeling†¦ 10. Home Sweet Home You couldn’t wait to get away and now you just can’t stop thinking about Mom’s homemade dinners. Make sure you book in time for regular trips home, since moving out can be pretty hard. If you are really far away from home, write a letter or a postcard. Getting mail back can really brighten up your day.

STAR Early Literacy

STAR Early Literacy STAR Early Literacy is an online adaptive assessment program developed by Renaissance Learning for students typically in grades PK-3. The program uses a series of questions to assess a student’s early literacy and early numeracy skills through a simple process. The program is designed to support teachers with individual student data quickly and accurately. It typically takes a student 10-15 minutes to complete an assessment and reports are available immediately upon completion. There are four parts to the assessment. The first part is a short demonstrative tutorial that teaches the student how to use the system. The second part is a short practice component designed to ensure that the students understand how to manipulate the mouse or use the keyboard correctly to answer each question. The third part consists of a short set of practice questions to prepare the student for the actual assessment. The final part is the actual assessment. It consists of twenty-nine early literacy and early numeracy questions. Students have one and a half minutes to answer each question before the program automatically moves them to the next question. Easy to Set up and Use STAR Early Literacy is a Renaissance Learning program. This is important because if you have Accelerated Reader, Accelerated Math, or any of the other STAR assessments, you only have to do the set up one time. Adding students and building classes is quick and easy. You can add a class of about twenty students and have them ready to be assessed in about 15 minutes. Designed Well for Students to Use The interface is straightforward. Each question is read by a narrator. While the narrator is reading the question, the mouse pointer turns into an ear directing the student to listen. After the question is read, a â€Å"ding† tone indicates that the student may then select their response. The student has two choices in the way that they select their response. They can use their mouse and click on the correct choice or they can you the 1, 2, or 3 keys that correlate to the correct answer. Students are locked into their answer if they use their mouse, but they are not locked into their answer if they use the 1, 2, 3 select methods until they hit enter. This can be a problem for younger students that have not been exposed to manipulating a computer mouse or using a keyboard. In the top right-hand corner of the screen, there is a box that the student can click to have the narrator repeat the question at any time. In addition, the question is repeated every fifteen seconds of inactivity until time runs out. Each question is given  on a one and a half minute timer. When a student has fifteen seconds remaining a small clock will begin to flash at the top of the screen letting them know that time is about to expire for that question. A Good Tool for Teachers STAR Early Literacy assesses forty-one skill sets in ten essential literacy and numeracy domains. The ten domains include alphabetic principle, the concept of word, visual discrimination, phonemic awareness, phonics, structural analysis, vocabulary, sentence level comprehension, paragraph level comprehension, and early numeracy. The program also allows teachers to set goals and monitor a student’s progress as they move throughout the year. It allows them to create an individualized instructional path to building on skills they are proficient in and improve upon their individual skills in which they need intervention. Teachers are also able to use STAR Early Literacy throughout the year quickly and accurately to decide whether they need to change their approach with a particular student or continue doing what they are doing. STAR Early Literacy has an extensive assessment bank that allows students to be assessed multiple times without seeing the same question. Reports STAR Early Literacy is designed to provide teachers with useful information that will drive their instructional practices. STAR Early Literacy provides teachers with several useful reports designed to assist in targeting which students need intervention and what areas they need assistance in. Here are six key reports available through STAR Early Literacy and a brief explanation of each: Diagnostic - Student: The student diagnostic report provides the most information about an individual student. It offers information such as the student’s scaled score, literacy classification, sub-domain scores, and individual skill set scores on a scale of 0-100.Diagnostic – Class: The class diagnostic report provides information related to the class as a whole. It shows how the class as a whole performed in each of the forty-one assessed skills. Teachers can use this report to drive whole class instruction to cover concepts in which the majority of the class shows they need intervention.Growth: This report shows the growth of a group of students over a specific period of time. This period of time is customizable from a few weeks to months, to even growth over the course of several years.Instructional Planning - Class: This report provides teachers with a list of recommended skills to drive the whole class or small group instruction. This report also allows you to gro up students into four ability groups and provides suggestions for meeting each group’s specific learning needs. Instructional Planning - Student: This report provides teachers with a list of recommended skills and suggestions to drive individualized instruction.Parent Report: This report provides teachers with an informational report to give to parents. This letter provides details about each student’s progress. It also provides instructional suggestions that parents can do at home with their child to improve their scores. Relevant Terminology Scaled Score (SS): The scaled score is figured based on the difficulty of the questions as well of the number of questions that were correct. STAR Early Literacy uses a scale range of 0-900. This score can be used to compare students to each other, as well as themselves, over time.Early Emergent Reader: Scaled score of 300-487. Student has a beginning understanding that printed text has meaning. They have a rudimentary understanding that reading involves letters, words, and sentences. They also are beginning to identify numbers, letters, shapes, and colors.Late Emergent Reader: Scaled score of 488-674. Student knows most letters and letter sounds. They are expanding their vocabulary, listening skills, and knowledge of print. They are starting to read picture books and familiar words.Transitional Reader: Scaled score of 675-774. Student has mastered alphabet and letter sound skills. Can identify beginning and ending sounds as well vowel sounds. They likely have the ability to blend so unds and read basic words. They can use context clues such as pictures to figure out words. Probable Reader: Scaled score of 775-900. Student is becoming skilled at recognizing words at a faster rate. They also are beginning to understand what they are reading. They blend sounds and word parts to read words and sentences. The Bottom Line STAR Early Literacy is a respectable early literacy and early numeracy assessment program. Its best features are that it is quick and easy to use, and reports can be generated in seconds. A key issue with this program is that for younger students who lack mouse skills or computer skills, the scores may be negatively skewed. However, this is an issue with virtually any computer-based program at this age. Overall, we give this program 4 out of 5 stars because the program provides teachers with a solid tool to identify early literacy and early numeracy skills that require intervention.

International Marketing for Travel and Tourism The 32nd Atlanta Jazz Essay

International Marketing for Travel and Tourism The 32nd Atlanta Jazz Festival - Essay Example The three dominant forces affecting Atlanta's history and development have been transportation, race relations, and the "Atlanta spirit." At each stage in the city's development, these three elements have come into play. Transportation innovations and their connections to Atlanta helped establish the city as a state and regional center of commerce and finance. And the Atlanta spirit-part civic booster program, part vision, with a healthy dose of business interests and priorities-has provided the city with an ever-changing set of goals and definitions of what Atlanta is and what it can become. In the recent past, the city of Atlanta has gained familiarity and has transformed from a commercial city into a city with international influence and tourist attraction. In a very little span of 6 years i.e. from 2000 - 2006, the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta increased by almost 20.5%. This has made Atlanta the fastest growing metropolitan city of the United States. Transportation has always been an important factor in the growth of the city of Atlanta and also its development, had a significant impact on the city in the 1960s and 1970s. Atlanta's connections to three interstate highways continued during this period to direct and facilitate suburban growth and anchored the regional trucking industry to the city. Air travel also became increasingly important as Atlanta Municipal Airport emerged as one of the busiest air hubs in the nation. Office buildings and retail establishments followed this population growth and movement to the suburbs, especially on the north side of the city. In the transportation sector airplanes and automobiles continued to have the biggest impact on the metropolitan region. Atlanta's dramatic population growth in the last few decades has been matched by equally impressive economic growth. The city is, by most measures, the business capital of the Southeast. Atlanta's ties to transportation include Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (one of the top two busiest airports in the world), three interstate highways that intersect in Atlanta, and a nexus of freight and passenger rail lines. All of these transportation connections bring commerce, products, and people to the Atlanta area and provide employment, either directly or indirectly, to many of the region's citizens. Since the 1970s the hospitality, tourism, and convention industry has been another key element of Atlanta's economy, spurring the construction of new hotels, convention spaces, and related industries. From 1965 to 1975, for example, the number of hotel rooms in the downtown area alone increased from 4,000 to 14,000 and by 1972 Atlanta ranked third among cities in terms of convention business. Jazz Festival - Introduction: Renowned as the largest free jazz festival in the country, the Atlanta Jazz Festival is traditionally a Memorial Day Weekend celebration of a true American art form - Jazz. This year marks the 28th anniversary of the Festival. The finale of the event will take place in Piedmont Park May 28th - 30th. The Atlanta Jazz Fe

Quoting & Paraphrasing (df4) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quoting & Paraphrasing (df4) - Essay Example rucial, such as when ‘giving added emphasis to a particularly authoritative source on your topic’ (Quotations, 2010), analyzing other people’s language use and in enriching one’s prose. Moreover, valuable guidelines on how to set up and follow up quotations are expounded upon in this rich text, as well as how to best embed a quotation to a sentence. Other important aspects of quotation such as how much one ought to quote, word change possibilities in quotations, indicating quotations within quotations, the use of punctuation during quotation, and so on, are also given special mention in the text. The second article, Paraphrasing (2008) talks about how to avoid plagiarism through the art of paraphrasing. The author advises that the easiest way to avoid plagiarism when performing a research is by using multiple sources of information regarding the topic. However, on occasions when one has only one source to research from, more caution should be observed when paraphrasing, and quoting. According to the piece, paraphrasing entails putting a text’s ideas into one’s own words. However, simply replacing the original words with synonyms can still amount to plagiarism. The article thus offers two brilliant ways on how to paraphrase texts; reading the original text then writing the ideas therein in one’s own words, and, secondly, breaking down passages into component (kernel) ideas/ sentences. The two articles provide rich information for aspiring writers on how they can best borrow ideas from other sources, in attempts to cement their original arguments, without committing the foul of plagiarism. In addition, the articles are essential in aiding writers retain a good flow to their writing, even as they seek to enrich their texts with a myriad of useful information and perspectives concerning an argument or research

Would increasing U.S. economic aid in the [Middle East] region Research Paper

Would increasing U.S. economic aid in the [Middle East] region diminish support for terrorism and anti-American sentiment - Research Paper Example This is where a country that has received foreign aid or is anticipating having their regular installments is bound to be receptive to new ideas. In most cases, this foreign aid functions as a legal bribe. Therefore, if, it is increased it means that people will be more accepting of these new ideas of getting rid of terrorism. However, after the fall of the Soviet Union the US placed itself strategically to implement its views to other countries as a measure, to stop the spread of communism. A telling case is when US sacrificed to give Aid to Russia so that it could not pull out of Chenyanya because  of its significance  in battle against terrorism. This saw the US give eight hundred million dollars to Russia in 1997 and the former nations that were for communism. This is a superb example of how foreign aid can be beneficial in trying to have certain nations sing to the dance of America. The increases of aid will not only help Middle East region accept the new ideas; it will also develop and equip them economicallyii. This will most likely function in diverting their efforts to positive activities that increase their living standards. This is because these terrorist activities come because of boredom due to no employment that can generate money. It is through such circumstances that people from the Middle Eastern seek a leeway out of this by in involving themselves in any activity. This also increases the risk of these people to fall victim of drugs that they believe to reduce their burden. Therefore, the existence of this foreign aid by Americans is sure to help them and minimize on numbers that are being recruited into terrorist groups. Another point is that American is a developed nation with one of the biggest economies and one of the largest populations. iiiThis means that it has many industries to run, people to provide for their needs, and care of its security. More economic aid means that it will function to cater for all these three at the same

An audiences responce to Hedda gabler Essay Example for Free

An audiences responce to Hedda gabler Essay Hedda Gabler is a dramatic, exciting, confusing and at times unpleasant character, who is frustrated by a lack a freedom where she cannot be the wild and unstable free spirit that she wishes and this shines through throughout the play. From this frustration comes immense boredom which is in her case very deadly. She embodies some of the typical Aristotelian qualities of a tragic protagonist but Ibsen has put a strange twist on it. For example she is a woman of fortune. It has been made clear in the book that she was born into this high class lifestyle and has this fortune by no endeavour of her own. Therefore, by being placed at the top of the hierarchy, she has further to fall and there is more at risk than the average person. However, she is not really someone that people can identify or can have sympathy for, as neither generous nor courageous. Also, as is common her fatal flaw is her snobbery or pride. However, Aristotles notion of hamarita states that it is a matter of action not the character themselves. I dont believe this applies her and agree with the 20th century interpretation. This is not brought about by the unfortunate circumstances more than the character themselves. This applies very much to Hedda as her conflicted individual moral psychology which brings about the opposite of what the character intends. The Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen was very specific about the time when he set Hedda Gabler. The late 19th century was a time where woman were secluded and deluded into an oppressive and subjugate lifestyle. Ibsen puts Hedda in this male dominated were she challenges the conventional middle class bourgeois housewife by acting in a dictating and manly way witch were to shock the 19th century audience at this truly outrageous and outspoken character. The audience can therefore not identify with Hedda because in more ways than one she brings about her own demise. The local newspapers and media were disgraced; such as the daily telegraph which said What a horrible story! What a hideous play! The play is simply a bad escape of moral sewage-gas Describing Heddas feelings as the foulest passions in humanity. This shows that the most tragic thing to me is that there are people her in this world. The play is started off with the stage layout, witch Ibsen perceptibly and carefully layout, giving a very bourgeois atmosphere each object has a lot of meaning to show the tragic nature of the play and Hedda. For example there are a lot of dark and dull colours hinting to things; such as saying autumn colours. Ibsen is using pathetic fallacy to show Heddas state of mind. Autumn is a time were everything around us is dying, dead leaves on the floor and animals hibernating. A time were there seems to be a deafening silence in the air following the summer which is usually buzzing with life. This could mean that maybe Hedda has passed the summer time in her life. A time when she was herself bloom perhaps and a time when she was also buzzing with colourful life. It is mentioned that Hedda used to go to parties and be a socialite. Then we see her state of mind at the present which is autumn. This already sets the scene of this play as pessimistic and cold. This is unusual for Ibsens targeted audience as they were used to cheerful and uplifting entertainment. Something to bewitch them into thinking their lifestyle was perfect as it was, which Hedda Gabler does not do in the slightest. Another thing that might have stunned the audience is Heddas awkwardness towards Miss Tesman and Mrs Elvsted. At a time were woman only socialized with woman it is interesting to see how she treats her fellow females in such a horrible manner. This is shown towards the beginning of Act1 were she calls Miss Tesmans hat to be servants hat. As Miss Tesman is Mr Tesmans mother figure she should also traditionally be Heddas too, so by disrespecting like that would cause the audience to empathise with Miss Tesman and detest Hedda and her behaviour. Hedda also has a very unusual characteristics she presented by Ibsen in a very masculine way. By doing this she is emasculating George Tesman. To begin with he does this himself with Mrs Tesman, the keyword for the first is claustrophobic for Hedda; witch, with me, causes some sympathy for Hedda. With a combination of the childish nicknames (like Georgie and aunty juju) and the dreaded flowers make it as much cringe worthy to the audience as it was to Hedda, which is shown when they leave when The most prominent way that this is done is through the pistols, General Gablers pistols.

Consider the characters of Mary Logan in Roll Of Thunder Hear My Cry :: English Literature

Consider the characters of Mary Logan in Roll Of Thunder Hear My Cry and Gilbert Dawson in The Sexton's Hero showing how they reflect the theme of heroism. Mary Logan in "Roll Of Thunder Hear My Cry" and Gilbert Dawson in The Sexton's Hero both have many similarities, all of which reflect the theme of heroism. Both have to fight against the expectations of the society they live in. Mary Logan lives in the USA in the 1930's. She is a young black woman living in a white mans world, she is a teacher and her family own land, which the white landowners are not very happy about. The white people believe that blacks a less worthy then whites and should know their place. Gilbert Dawson is a man living in Lancashire in the 1850's, he is meant to be strong and ready to fight, however he doesn't want to fight and this angers the rest of the community. ====================================================================== Both Mildred D. Taylor and Elizabeth Gaskell wrote their books to change peoples views on different things. Mildred D. Taylor wanted to change peoples views on black people, and Elizabeth Gaskell wanted to change peoples views on haw people should act. Both writers see people as equal. ====================================================================== In the dictionary a hero is: "A person who is admired for being brave" Mrs Gaskell's definition is ====================================================================== "One who acts up to the highest idea of duty he has been able to perform, no matter at what sacrifice." ================================================================ In fairy tales, the hero is usually a man who rescues the princess from evil. Over time the term hero has changed from the old fashioned traditional hero to modern hero's (someone who is heroic for standing by principles and suffering hardship as a result.) ===================================================================== In The Sexton's Hero, Gilbert Dawson is more of a traditional hero because he saves Letty and the Sexton's life, but dies himself. He also has some of the qualities of a modern hero as he stands up for what he believes in. However Mary Logan in "Roll Of Thunder Hear My Cry" is a modern hero, as she stands by here principles, no matter what the cost to her is. =================================================================== In "The Sexton's Hero," Gilbert Dawson is expected to support and reflect the male working class stereotype. He is expected to be "manly", physically strong and aggressive, ready to fight when necessary and to stand up to a challenge. However Gilbert Dawson goes against these expectations. He refuses to fight much to the amazement of the onlookers "it seemed such a thing for a stout young chap to be a coward and afraid." But Gilbert Dawson was not a coward or afraid.

The Choices We Make

Poverty in the United States today has many faces. There’s the pleading face of a middle-aged man on a city street holding up a sign that says â€Å"Hungry, Need Help. † There’s the anxious face of a young child in a schoolroom somewhere, whose only real meal today will be a free school lunch. There’s the sad face of a single mother who doesn’t have enough money to buy clothes for her children. And there’s the frustrated face of a young man working at a minimum-wage job who can't afford to pay his rent. The sad thing is everyone knows someone like this. What are these people to do? What lengths should they go to be happy? Many times a person’s virtue is challenged. Especially when they are forced to choose between a basic human need or a particular ethical indiscretion. So the question is â€Å"What effects do poverty and the absence of opportunity have on individuals’ senses of virtue? † For one, a person who is poor may choose to steal to obtain a basic need such as food, shelter, or safety. Second, a person religion may be challenged when poor or in an extreme circumstance that may require a choice between following their way of believing or living. And finally, parent may do things and make sacrifices to make sure that their children are safe and cared for. Society looks upon people who commit crimes as bad seeds in a community. But, has anyone ever really looked at the person and wondered â€Å"what could make this individual so desperate that they would risk everything to steal $50 bucks out of a cash register, or a loaf of bread from a quick stop. † Don’t get me wrong. Not everyone that steals has a good reason, nor is it right. But if you looked deep into the life of the individual, do you see them? Really see them. Most of the time these people are poor, come from broken homes and sometimes do what they have to too survive. They live in poverty stricken â€Å"ghettos† or in poor communities that have no resources to help them. What are they to do? Ask yourself â€Å"Would you steal to feed yourself or your family? † It happens every day in every city. Most of these people have low paying jobs and struggle to make ends meet. They do what they can and ask for help just to be turned away. Where is the problem? Is it the person themselves? No! It’s the society around them. People do what they must to survive no matter what. It’s a basic instinct that kicks in and takes over. â€Å"Religion (even if â€Å"primitive) is generally assumed to be in some sense moral. † (Murdoch 740) People often take religion out of context and use it for their own good or the good of a specific cause. Some examples are Hitler and the Holocaust, or abortion. Hitler used god as a weapon wipe out the Jews. People that are for or against abortion and the laws surrounding it look to it as a moral and ethical dilemma. Let’s for a moment touch on this one; Let’s say that you are a pregnant teenager that had been brutally raped. You have a choice keep the baby, and the memory of the terrible act or abort the â€Å"fetus†. The trouble is your religion is in the way. What are you to do? Do you stick to your religion and the fear of what may happen in the next life or do you do what you feel would be a way out of a bad situation? This is where religion gets in the way of many dilemmas for people today. They have to make a choice. Keep it or don’t. For some the choice may come easy depending on how strongly you feel about your particular morality or virtue. Many people say â€Å"God never gives us more than we can handle. Is this true? Would you be able to handle this type of situation? Again that depends on the individual and their state of mind. In the end it all comes down to what they think and what the consequences of their action may be. They idea will be different for everyone, no matter what the circumstance. We cannot judge a person’s views if we do not understand them. The third and final question is How far would a parent go to keep their children safe and healthy? Many parents would say â€Å"I would give my life to keep my child safe†. This is not a fact that is being argued. What is being argued is if the parent would risk their ethical stand to protect a child. Parent’s today work so hard to make sure that their children have food and clothing and shelter. But what about the parent’s who do all of this and still are unable to provide for their families? What are the choices for them? They may steal, lie, cheat and sacrifice their own happiness to provide the same happiness to their families. Is this something that society should look upon in disgust? Or should society take a stand and help? For many years I have helped in an organization that does just this. We provide clothing food and gifts to underprivileged children every year at Christmas time to make sure that all are happy and joyous like all the other children whose parents can provide. Is this unfair to the happy child who has everything? One can argue that poor people deserve more, but in reality all parent rich or poor would do anything to ensure that their children are cared for no matter what the cost or consequence may be. â€Å"Duty may be easily performed without strain or reflection but may also prompt the well known experience of the frustration of desire together with a sense of necessity to act† (Murdoch 734) Each human has the free will and the right to choose the course of their own actions. When an individual takes responsibility for their conduct, they are ultimately acting as a rational being. Realizing that they have the ability to freely choose their actions and that no one else can force them to do something. With the freedom of choice also comes the responsibility for that decision. When an individual takes responsibility she has reached their highest state of reasoning: she has realized that not only is she free to make decisions, but also that their decisions have outcomes. By applying their free will, they are ultimately saying, â€Å"I choose to take this action, and I choose take responsibility for the consequence. † Morals depend on humans exercising their freedom of choice and acknowledging that their choices have significance. Reason allows us not to just behave instinctively or randomly, but to realize that our actions will have an outcome and to act accordingly to the end we wish to achieve. When an individual knows the result of their actions and willingly chooses to carry that behavior out, the individual freely accepts the consequences and thus takes responsibility for that end result. With all that being said, a person who is poor or pushed to a make a decision may or may not turn to religion and ethics. People are like robots and are programmed from childhood to believe or act in certain ways. They are sometimes torn by the morality of a decision and the virtues in which they believe. These choices are not easy and are not always the right ones but we are humans and we make mistakes. This is how we learn to survive and make things better for the next era. We can only take it one step at a time.

If You Have to Ask and Pleasant Personality Essay

1.What Is A Pleasant Personality? No matter what you create in life before you can create it you have to know and understand what it is that you are creating. If you are not consciously creating then you will create through default with the outcomes being random, unpredictable and often unpleasant. A personality is your set of characteristics which is made up of your attitudes, your beliefs, your knowledge, your perceptions, your behaviours, your interests and other personal traits that you hold. Your personality communicates your quality as a person . Your pleasant personality distinguishes you and is what makes you appealing to others. We have all met and interacted with those who have unpleasant personalities and have experienced the upsets created that come from our exchanges with them. In order to consciously create your pleasant personality you must first be aware of what your attitudes and behaviours are towards people and life. You have to take ownership of your knowledge rather than pretending not to know or worse, refusing to acquire knowledge and skills . You have to examine your beliefs and your attitudes . Further, what mood level do you operate in? Can you move easily through the different moods or are you chronically stuck or fixed in a low mood level or in the pretense of a high mood level that you really don’t feel? 2. Your Pleasant Personality  Your pleasant personality is defining you for those with whom you come in contact or interact with. What do you want people to know about you? How do you want to be perceived by others? What characteristics do you have? Are you helpful? Are you an inspiration to others? Do you have a sense of humor? Are you dependable? Are you empathetic? Are you friendly? Each of us has a unique blend of characteristics that contribute to our individual personalities. Draw on the best of these characteristics, the most positive of them and use your attributes and abilities to create your own, one of a kind, pleasant personality! Make a list of them if you have to. Your pleasant personality will shine through whatever identity you are wearing, be it your business identity, your spousal identity, your parental identity, your friend identity or any other number of identities you wear as you play your games in life. You may not wear the same identity to MacDonald’s as you would to the Four Seasons but your pleasant personality will co-ordinate with any identity that you consciously and purposefully choose to wear. 3. Why Develop A Pleasant Personality? You can be the smartest person in the world and you can be willing to tackle whatever task is at hand but if you have failed to develop a pleasant personality you will be hard pressed for an audience and it is unlikely that you will be chosen as a vital member of a team. It is therefore vital that you develop a pleasant personality. It is essential as you go out and about in life that you be aware of what your personality is saying and demonstrating about you. Whether you like sales or not every time you interact with another or others you are giving a sales pitch. You are building a reputation and you are telling others who you are not just by your name but by the knowledge you have and the level or responsibility you take for that knowledge. Of equal importance is the personality you use to convey your messages to others. 4. What Are The Consequences Of Having A Pleasant Personality? From the above you will have identified the characteristics of your pleasant personality. If you find that your personality has been predominantly unpleasant ask yourself, â€Å"What have been or could be the consequences of having an unpleasant personality? Keep asking yourself that question until all the consequences of having an unpleasant personality have been brought to view. Then, with your identified characteristics of a pleasant personality ask yourself, â€Å"What have been or could be the consequences of having a pleasant personality? Keep asking yourself that question until all the consequences have been brought to view. If you find that you already have a pleasant personality your having defined the characteristics of that personality will allow you to take full ownership of and empower your pleasant personality. Ask yourself, â€Å"What have been or could be the consequences of having a pleasant personality? Keep asking yourself the question until you have viewed all the consequence thereby acknowledging yourself while raising your confidence level. Having a pleasant personality and using it to its full extent will empower you in life and it will serve to empower and inspire others. Then, as Dr. Seuss so aptly put it, â€Å"Oh the places you will go.†

Free Essays on Comparision Between Weber And Marx

Social class A social class is, at its most basic, a group of people that have similar society, social status. The relative importance and definition of membership in a particular class differs greatly over time and between societies, particularly in societies having a legal differentiation of groups of people by birth or occupation. In the well-known example of socioeconomic class, many scholars view societies as stratifying into a hierarchical system based on Economics, economic status, wealth, or income. Using wealth as a dimension, many have used a bi-partite model to view societies, from ancient history to the present day: *an Upper class of the immensely wealthy and/or economic power, powerful *a Lower class of the poor and/or weak With the social changes of the 20th century, a gradually developing urban middle class appeared in most Western countries, producing three strata: *an Upper class of the immensely wealthy and/or powerful *a Middle class of managers and highly paid professionals * a Lower class of people paid average or low wages or receiving "welfare". Some are homeless. (Some writers divide Middle the proletarians are those who do not own means of production, and earn t... Free Essays on Comparision Between Weber And Marx Free Essays on Comparision Between Weber And Marx Social class A social class is, at its most basic, a group of people that have similar society, social status. The relative importance and definition of membership in a particular class differs greatly over time and between societies, particularly in societies having a legal differentiation of groups of people by birth or occupation. In the well-known example of socioeconomic class, many scholars view societies as stratifying into a hierarchical system based on Economics, economic status, wealth, or income. Using wealth as a dimension, many have used a bi-partite model to view societies, from ancient history to the present day: *an Upper class of the immensely wealthy and/or economic power, powerful *a Lower class of the poor and/or weak With the social changes of the 20th century, a gradually developing urban middle class appeared in most Western countries, producing three strata: *an Upper class of the immensely wealthy and/or powerful *a Middle class of managers and highly paid professionals * a Lower class of people paid average or low wages or receiving "welfare". Some are homeless. (Some writers divide Middle the proletarians are those who do not own means of production, and earn t...